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Kamis, 16 April 2015
            A lot of crimes never get solved. The case of Dan Cooper is one tha hasn’t been. It was an evening in late November in 1971. On a short flight between Portland and Seattle, the flight attendant was handed a note by a mysterious middle-aged man dressed in a dark suit. The flight attendant thought he was making a romantic advance, soshe slipped the unread note into her pocket. The man leaned closer to her, saying, “Miss, you’d better look at the note. I have a bomb.” He then opened his briefcase so that she could see several red cylinders and a lot of wires. The man, who used the alias “Dan Cooper,” was demanding $200,000, four parachutes, and a plane that would fly him to Mexico.
            The plane proceeded to seattle with none of the other passengers even aware that it was being hijacked. The other passengers got off the plane, and “Cooper” got what he was demanding. He received the $20 bills that he had been photocopied by FBI agents so that they could easily be identified. Then the plane was refueled and took off for Mexico.
            A few minutes later, Cooper ordered the flight attendant to go to the cockpit and stay there. As she was leaving, she noticed him trying to tie something around his waist-presumably the bag of money. Then he opened the plane’s rear stairway and jumped out of the plane. The crew felt pressure bumps that were probably caused by Cooper’s jumping off the stairway. When Cooper jumped, the air temperature was seven degrees below zero. He was wearing no survival gear and only light, casual shoes on his feet.
            Cooper has not been seen or heard from since taht night. Who was Cooper? Did he get away with his plan? Or was he kille tring to commit the perfect crime?
            The authorities speculate that Cooper landed near Ariel, a small town near the Columbia River nort of Portland. Only one real clue has been discovered. Eight and a half years later, an eight-year-old boy who was digging in a sandbank found $5,800 of Cooper’s money. It was only a few inches below the suface of the earth, but it had decayed so much that only  the picture and the serial numbers on the bills were visible. Decaying rubber bands were found along with money, indicating that the cash must have been deposited there before the bands fell apart. Since then, the area has been searched thoroughly, but no trace of Cooper has been found.
            So what really happened? Many investigators belive that Cooper had to have been killed by the combination of the weather conditions and impact of his fall. If this is true, though, why have none of the man’s remains ever been discovered? Is more information known about this case than has been released? Is Cooper’s body in some remote part of the wilderness area into which he jumped, or is he living a luxurious life under an alias somewhere and drivin a Rolls-Royce? Did he have the $5,800 buried by an associate in order to throw the authorities off the track? Or did he bury it himself?
            Cooper has become a legend. His story has been told in books and articles and even a movie. In Ariel, the small town near where he might have landed, patrons of a tavern still celebrate the anniversary of the hijacking every year. The bar’s owner, Dona Elliot, says, “ He did get away with it . . . so far.” Others don’t tink so. Jerry Thomas, a retired soldier who has been working independently on the case, thinks that Cooper didn’t survive the fall and that his body will eventually be found.” I know there is something out here,” he says. “there has to be.”
            The mystery goes on.

Title of article is Did He Get Away With It ?

Passive voice :
1.      The flight attendant was handed a note by a mysterious middle-aged man dressed in a dark suit.
2.      He received the $20 bills that he had been photocopied by FBI agents.
3.      The crew felt pressure bumps that were probably caused by Cooper’s jumping off the stairway.
4.      Cooper had to have been killed by the combination of the weather conditions and impact of his fall.
5.      Did he have the $5,800 buried by an associate in order to throw the authorities off the track?


Source : Maurer, Jay. (2006). Focus On Grammar. White Plains: Longman.
Selasa, 14 April 2015

        Passive voice (kalimat pasif) adalah kalimat yang subyeknya dikenai suatu pekerjaan. Kalimat pasif adalah kalimat yang diawali dengan imbuhan “di-” dan “ter-” dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Namun secara umum, kalimat pasif Bahasa Inggris dibentuk dengan menambahkan “to be” sebelum “V3”. Walaupun menurut statistik bahwa kalimat pasif mendominasi sekitar 60 % dalam Bahasa Inggris , namun kita harus kapan kita menggunakan  kalimat pasif.
Fungsinya adalah sebagai berikut:
1.      Subjek / pokok pembicaraan
Contoh : - The murderer has been arrested.
-          The house was bulit in 1954.
2.      Pelaku kegiatan
Jika kita ingin membuat kalimat yang tidak tahu atau ragu – ragu siapa yang melakukan suatu perbuatan, maka gunakanlah kalimat pasif.
Contoh : - When I came, the door was opened.
-          Nobody knows why he was killed.
3.      Pelaku yang sudah dikenal
Bagian ini adalah jika kita sudah yakin dengan bahwa orang yang kita ajak bicara sudah mengetahui siapa yang melakukannya, maka kita boleh menggunakan kalimat pasif.
Contoh : - Indonesia independence was proclaimed on august 17, 1945.
-          “Indonesia Raya” was composed in 1945.
Penggunaan kalimat pasif didalam sebuah kalimat ada berbagai macam, yaitu :
a.       Kalimat pasif hanya bisa dibentuk jika suatu kejadian / kegiatan memiliki objek. Contoh kalimat berobjek: Ben writes a letter every day.                              
Bentuk passive dari contoh kalimat : A letter is written (by Ben) every day.
b.      Kalimat pasif menyatakan bahwa Objek kalimat “di-sesuatu(kan)” oleh seseorang.
Contoh: This book was written by J.K.Rowling.
c.       Kalimat pasif digunakan bila “kejadian” lebih penting atau ingin lebih ditonjolkan, dibanding “pelaku”.
Contoh: The engine will be repaired (by the mechanic) next week.
Subjek kalimat aktif yang berbentuk nominative pronoun (kata ganti sebagai subyek) dalam kalimat pasif berubah menjadi accusative pronoun (kata ganti sebagai objek), bisa dilihat pada bagan perubahan berikut:
Subyek (kalimat aktif)
By Phrase (kalimat pasif)
He
She
We
They
I
You
By him
By her
By us
By them
By me
By you

1.      Kalimat pasif dalam simple present tense
Dalam kalimat positif
Pasif : SUB. + IS/ARE/AM + VERB 3 + BP + ADVERB
Keterangan : SUB = Subject; BP = By Phrase (obyek pelaku)
Examples :
a.       The car is washed by him once a week.
b.      The flowers are watered by gardener every day.
Dalam kalimat negatif
Pasif : SUB. + IS/ARE/AM NOT + V3 + BP + ADVERB
Examples:
a.       This room is not cleaned by them every day.
b.      Rina does not type the reports every day.
Dalam kalimat tanya (yes/no question)
Pasif : IS/ARE/AM + SUB. + V3 + BP + ADVERB ?
Examples :
a.       Is the house pointed by him once a year ?
b.      Are the flowers watered by them every morning ?
Dalam kalimat tanya dengan question word (kata penanya)
Pasif : Q.WORD + IS/ARE/AM + SUB. + V3 +BR +ADVERB ?
Q.WORD = Question word (kata penanya), yaitu kata – kata yang digunakan untuk menanyakan hal – hal yang berkaitan dengan tempat, tujuan, waktu, sebab, alasan, cara dan sebagainya, seperti Where, Why, Which, Whom, Whose, How dan sebagainya.
Examples:
a.       Where is the cake usually sold by them ?
b.      What time is the yard usually cleaned by him ?
2.      Kalimat pasif dalam simple past tense
Dalam kalimat positif
Pasif : SUB. + WAS / WERE + VERB 3 + BP + ADVERB
Examples:
a.       The big tree was cut by the gardener yesterday.
b.      The letters were sent by her two weeks ago.
Dalam kalimat negatif
Pasif : SUB. + WAS / WERE NOT + V3 + BP + ADVERB
Examples:
a.       This room was not cleaned by him this morning.
b.      We were not visited by my uncle last year.
Dalam kalimat tanya (yes/no question)
Pasif : Q.WOR + WAS / WERE + SUB. + V3 + BP + ADVERB ?
Examples:
a.       Where was the keys put by her last night?
b.      What time was this novel returned by him this morning?
3.      Kalimat pasif dalam present future tense 
Dalam kalimat positif
Pasif : SUB + WILL / MODAL + BE + V3 + BP +ADVERB
Examples:
a.       The big tree will be cut by the gardener tomorrow.
b.      The test can be done by her in an hour.
Dalam kalimat negatif
Pasif : SUB + WILL / MODAL NOT + BE + V3 + BP + ADVERB
Examples:
a.       The hat will not be bought by him.
b.      They cannot finish the work in a week.
Dalam kalimat tanya (yes/no question)
Pasif : WILL / MODAL + SUB + BE + V3 + BP + ADVERB
Examples :
a.       Will the dictionary be brought by him next Monday ?
b.      Can the work be done by her alone ?
Kesimpulan : Passive voice (kalimat pasif) adalah suatu bentuk kalimat yang berpola STVB (Subjek, To be, Verb 3, dan By phrase) atau bentuk kalimat yang terbalik dari kalimat aktif dan tidak selalu berpola seperti itu, tergantung dari suatu kalimatnya. Contohnya Luna ditolong oleh ibunya (Luna is helped by my mother).
Sumber :
Purnomo, wahyu. 2005. English Grammar And Everyday Conversation. Surabaya: Amelia
http://www.belajarbahasainggrisyuk.com/kegunaan-kalimat-pasif/
http://englishtips4u.com/2012/11/01/engclass-passive-voice/